A signed PassMark driver lets a standard Windows user read physical memory and chain hardware primitives to SYSTEM.
PassMark PerformanceTest, BurnInTest and OSForensics, Windows benchmarking, stress-testing and forensic utilities that install a signed kernel helper driver.
The vulnerable driver must be loaded and its device obtainable, but its permissive ACL then exposes physical-memory, MSR, PCI, I/O-port, and privileged-file operations.
Detail and 10 sources
Public code uses those operations to locate kernel process structures, bypass write gates, and replace the caller’s process token with SYSTEM.
PassMark release notes identify a corrected DirectIO driver.